Unravelling the Sensory Mystery: Understanding Sensory Processing Disorder — Beyond the Autism Confusion

Exploring the Intricacies of SPD, Its Unique Traits, and How It Diverges from Autism

In a world brimming with diverse neurological conditions, Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) stands out as an enigma that is often misunderstood and even confused with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

Imagine experiencing the world through senses that are heightened, dulled, or disoriented. This is the reality for individuals with SPD. While it shares some common ground with autism, SPD holds its own distinct identity, deserving a spotlight of its own.

And that’s what today’s comprehensive blog post is all about. Today we will delve into the depths of Sensory Processing Disorder, navigating through its history, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and frequent but mistaken association with autism. by now you all know that our learning curve begins with history. So, let’s look at it, shall we?

A Historical Lens: Unveiling the Origins of SPD:

Sensory Processing Disorder, also known as Sensory Integration Dysfunction or Sensory Modulation Disorder, has roots dating back to the 1960s. Thanks to Dr. A. Jean Ayres who was a pioneer in this field, she propelled the study of sensory integration to the forefront.

The concept emerged from her observations of children with learning challenges, whose behaviours and responses were atypical with sensory stimuli. This marked the first step toward recognizing that sensory experiences play a pivotal role in daily functioning.

The Tangled Web of SPD and Autism: A Look at Prevalence and Confusion:

SPD often walks a parallel path with Autism Spectrum Disorder, leading to confusion and misdiagnosis. The prevalence of SPD is estimated to be around 5–16% in children.

Initially, the line between the two conditions blurred due to overlapping symptoms. For instance, children with both SPD and ASD might exhibit sensory sensitivities, making it challenging to differentiate the conditions. However, SPD is distinct in its emphasis on sensory experiences as its core characteristic, while autism involves broader social and communication challenges.

Sensory Processing Challenges: Navigating the Sensory Spectrum:

Now, children and adults with SPD navigate an intricate landscape of sensory experiences. These challenges can manifest in various ways, from hypersensitivity to certain sensations, resulting in sensory overload, to hyposensitivity that dulls perception.

Sensory-seeking behaviours, where an individual actively seeks sensory input, is another facet. This may involve spinning, rocking, or seeking tactile experiences. These unique responses are hallmark signs of SPD, setting it apart from autism.

Before we go any further, perhaps we need an overview of some types of Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD). As these can be classified into various subtypes or types, each characterized by specific sensory processing challenges and patterns. Below are some of the main types:

A. Sensory Over-responsivity (Sensory Defensiveness): Individuals with this subtype exhibit heightened responses to sensory stimuli that most people perceive as normal. Everyday sensations like clothing tags, certain textures, sounds, or lights might trigger intense discomfort or even pain.

B. Sensory Under-responsivity: This type involves a diminished response to sensory stimuli. Individuals may appear apathetic or unreactive to sensations that typically elicit responses. They might not notice temperature changes, subtle sounds, or physical sensations as readily as others.

C. Sensory Seeking (Sensory Craving): People with sensory-seeking tendencies actively seek out sensory experiences to a higher degree. They might engage in repetitive behaviours like rocking, spinning, or tapping to stimulate their senses. They may also constantly touch objects or people and seek out intense sensory input.

D. Sensory Sensitivity: Sensory sensitivity encompasses both over-responsivity and under-responsivity. Individuals with sensory sensitivity may react strongly to certain stimuli while being less responsive to others. For instance, they might be hypersensitive to bright lights but hypo-responsive to pain.

E. Sensory Discrimination Disorder: This subtype involves difficulties in accurately perceiving and differentiating between various sensory inputs. Individuals might struggle to identify textures, temperatures, or even the direction of sounds accurately.

F. Postural/Orientation Sensory Disorder: This type affects an individual’s awareness of their body’s position in relation to the environment. Balance and coordination challenges are common, and tasks like walking, sitting, or standing may be difficult.

G. Sensory-Based Motor Disorder: Individuals with this subtype experience challenges in planning and executing motor movements in response to sensory input. Fine and gross motor skills may be affected, impacting activities like writing, using utensils, or catching a ball.

H. Sensory Modulation Disorder: Sensory modulation refers to an individual’s ability to regulate responses to sensory input appropriately. Individuals with this subtype struggle to modulate their responses, leading to extreme reactions to even mild stimuli.

Now, that said, it’s important to note that individuals with SPD can exhibit a combination of these subtypes, and the severity and presentation can vary widely.

Strategies for Sensory Survival: From Overload to Modulation:

Managing sensory challenges is a cornerstone for individuals with SPD. Implementing sensory processing strategies can lead to significant improvements in their daily lives.

Occupational therapy plays a pivotal role, in teaching coping mechanisms and providing exposure to controlled sensory stimuli. Techniques such as deep pressure, brushing, and swinging help rewire the brain’s response to sensory inputs, aiding individuals in better modulation.

Dissecting the SPD Diagnosis and Treatment:

Diagnosing SPD can be complex, often requiring assessments from multidisciplinary teams. Comprehensive evaluations, including sensory profiles and standardized tests, aid in pinpointing the individual’s sensory challenges.

Treatment primarily revolves around occupational therapy, sensory integration therapy, and environmental modifications. These interventions aim to recalibrate sensory responses and improve overall quality of life.

Untangling the Connection: SPD and Autism Contrasted:

SPD and Autism share commonalities, but distinctions are crucial. While sensory sensitivities are prevalent in both, autism encompasses broader developmental aspects involving communication, social interactions, and repetitive behaviours. SPD, on the other hand, hones in on the sensory system as the crux of its challenges.

The Evolution of Understanding: Why SPD Confounds Autism:

The overlap between SPD and autism roots in their shared symptoms. Additionally, the underdiagnosis of SPD in the past led to the misconception that it was a facet of autism. However, as research advanced, the distinctions became clearer, allowing SPD to emerge as a separate entity.

In Conclusion: Unravelling the Sensory Tapestry:

Sensory Processing Disorder is a unique neurological condition that captivates the senses of those affected. As we journey through the world of SPD, it becomes evident that while it shares commonalities with Autism Spectrum Disorder, it deserves recognition for its distinct identity.

Through understanding, support, and tailored interventions, individuals with SPD can embark on a path to sensory harmony, embracing their unique sensory experiences with resilience and confidence.

What People Ask about SPD and Autism (FAQs):

1: Are SPD and Autism the same? — No, they are not the same. While both involve sensory challenges, autism encompasses broader developmental domains including communication and social interactions.

2: Can adults have SPD? — Absolutely, SPD can persist into adulthood. It might manifest differently but still impact daily life.

3: Is there a cure for SPD? — There’s no universal cure, but occupational therapy and sensory integration strategies can greatly improve an individual’s sensory experiences.

4: How can I differentiate between SPD and Autism? — While sensory challenges exist in both, autism encompasses social, communication, and behavioural aspects. A comprehensive evaluation by healthcare professionals is crucial for an accurate diagnosis.